(SOLVED) What are AGA and EMA antibodies? Explain the connection between the presence of antibodies and etiology of celiac disease.

Discipline: Nursing

Type of Paper: Question-Answer

Academic Level: Undergrad. (yrs 1-2)

Paper Format: APA

Pages: 1 Words: 359

Question

48 yo female presents with oral sores, itchy skin rash on knees and elbows, muscle cramps, abdominal cramps, and depression. These symptoms have persisted for 12 months. She reports feeling fatigued, and appears pale. Ht 63", Wt 125#. Her labwork is significant for low Hgb of 10.0, Hct of 35, Iron of 60, and an elevated Transferrin of 399.

To rule out Celiac disease, AGA antibody and EMA antibody tests were run. Both returned a positive result. The Dietitian is being consulted to assess the pt and provide Gluten-free diet education as needed.

The pt's diet hx consisted of

Bkft: Bowl of cornflakes, 2% milk, banana, hot tea

Lunch: Bowl of Canned Chicken Noodle soup, peanut butter and jelly sandwich, Applesauce, and sprite.

Dinner: Pasta with canned marinara sauce, green beans, garlic bread, ice cream, iced tea.

Case Questions:

1. What are AGA and EMA antibodies? Explain the connection between the presence of antibodies and etiology of celiac disease.

2. How does celiac disease damage the small intestine?

3. Can patients with celiac disease also be lactose-intolerant?

4. There is a high prevalence of anemia among individuals with celiac disease. Explain this etiology? Also, explain how the results of the labs obtained help confirm diagnosis of anemia?

5. Are any symptoms from this patient's physical examination consistent with her laboratory values? Explain.

6. Calculate this patient's total energy and protein needs.

7. Complete a PES statement for this nutrition problem: Food and nutrition related knowledge deficit related to...


Expert Solution Preview

1.

Endomysial Antibodies Endomysial antibody (EMA) is directed against endomysium, it is a connective tissue protein found between myofibrils in the smooth muscle cells of the GI tract. Once EMAs were found to be associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy.

 

Antigliadin antibodies (AGAs) are antibodies of the IgA and IgG found in celiac disease patients. These antibodies mainly target gliadin-derived peptides, which are the main proteins of gluten.

Serologic markers are used routinely for screening patients and high-risk groups with associated disorders or a positive family history.

 

2.

It is a malabsorption disease In celiac disease......................